Nigeria is experiencing a wave of labour protests in response to rising electricity tariffs, unfolding alongside major reforms under the Electricity Act 2023.
This new law, signed by President Bola Tinubu, decentralizes the power sector by giving states authority over their own electricity markets—including tariff setting, generation, and distribution.
States like Enugu, Ondo, and Imo have already taken control, with others set to follow by September 2025. The aim is to improve efficiency, attract investment, and expand electricity access.
However, the transition has been marked by controversial tariff increases imposed by both the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) and state regulators.
Labour unions, led by the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC), strongly oppose the hikes, calling them unjust amid widespread inflation, low wages, and poor electricity supply.
Many citizens still endure unreliable service despite higher costs, leading to claims of “paying for darkness.”
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The protests highlight concerns that tariff reforms are being implemented without service improvements or protections for vulnerable populations.
Experts also warn that the states may lack the capacity to manage complex power markets and subsidy systems, risking inconsistent policies and consumer frustration.
To address billing issues, the federal government plans to distribute 10 million prepaid meters in 2025 through the National Mass Metering Programme.
While Nigeria’s power sector reforms aim to empower states and improve access, the recent tariff hikes have triggered widespread backlash. The challenge now lies in balancing economic reforms with fairness and service delivery to maintain public trust and sector stability.
